¿Qué, dónde, cómo, cuándo, por qué? La construcción de la coherencia causal en relatos infantiles de experiencia personal / What, Where, How, When, Why? The Construction of Causal Coherence in Children’s Narratives of Personal Experience

Ailín Paula Franco Accinelli, Alejandra Stein, Celia Renata Rosemberg

Abstract


Resumen: El presente estudio se propone analizar la construcción de la coherencia, específicamente causal, en narrativas infantiles de experiencia personal. Se atendió al estudio de las relaciones causales, así como a otros tipos de relaciones establecidas entre los eventos narrados, y a la presencia de fragmentos de eventos desvinculados en los relatos. El corpus está formado por 66 narrativas de niños/as hispanohablantes de 3, 4 y 5 años de edad obtenidos en entrevistas individuales realizadas en los jardines de infantes a los que concurrían, ubicados en barrios urbano-marginados del conurbano bonaerense (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina). Para el análisis se recurrió a un uso heurístico de una versión adaptada del Modelo de Narraciones en Red Causal de Trabasso y colaboradores. El análisis combinó procedimientos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados muestran que los niños logran vincular los eventos narrados de forma causal, temporal y temática. En el período, predominan las relaciones causales relativas al ámbito físico (vs. mental). Se observó que con la edad aumenta la diversidad de relaciones causales establecidas en un mismo relato. Las narrativas analizadas presentan asimismo eventos desvinculados: cortes en la cadena causal y eventos en vía muerta. Estos últimos refieren mayormente a distintos componentes de información narrativa (acción, orientación, evaluación) que contribuyen a la coherencia del relato en otras dimensiones no causales. Los resultados adquieren especial relevancia para el estudio del desarrollo narrativo infantil, teniendo en cuenta el papel de la narración para la configuración del pensamiento, la comunicación, la socialización y la transmisión de la cultura.

Abstract: The paper analyzes the construction of coherence, specifically causal coherence, in children’s narratives of personal experience. The study focused on the examination of causal relations and other types of connections established between the narrated events, as well as the presence of fragments of unrelated events. The corpus consists of 66 narratives produced by Argentinian Spanish-speaking children aged 3, 4 and 5 years. Narratives were obtained in individual interviews carried out in the kindergartens where children attended, located in urban-marginalized neighborhoods of Buenos Aires (Argentina). For the analysis of the narratives, we used a heuristic approach of an adapted version of Trabasso et al. Causal Network Narrative Model. The analysis combined qualitative and quantitative procedures. The results showed that children managed to connect the narrated events causally, temporally, and thematically. During this period, there predominated causal connections related to the physical (vs. mental) domain. The diversity of causal relations established within the same narrative increased with age. The narratives also contained unrelated events: breaks in the causal chain, dead-end events. The latter mostly referred to different components of narrative information (action, orientation, evaluation) that contribute to the coherence of the narrative in other non-causal dimensions. The results acquire special relevance for the study of children’s narrative production, considering the role of narrative in cognition, communication, socialization, and the transmission of culture.


Keywords


desarrollo narrativo infantil; coherencia; causalidad; narrativas de experiencia personal; niños hispanohablantes; children’s narrative development; coherence; causality; narratives of personal experience; Spanish-speaking children.

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