Um estudo experimental do processamento de metáforas do português brasileiro / An experimental study on Brazilian Portuguese metaphor processing
Abstract
Resumo: Um estudo experimental do processamento psicolinguístico de metáforas nominais do português brasileiro (X é um Y), p. ex., “Irene é um furacão”, foi realizado com o objetivo de evidenciar, a partir de tempos de leitura (RTs), a compreensão de expressões familiares, highapt (“bem construídas”) e cujo veículo se acha convencionalizado. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, realizaram-se dois norming studies (“estudos normativos”) com vistas ao ranqueamento de metáforas nominais (p. ex. “Algumas mulheres são furacões”) em relação a familiaridade, aptness (“adequação”) e convencionalidade. Na segunda fase da pesquisa, um experimento de leitura automonitorada (self-paced, non-cumulative, moving-window reading) foi conduzido, recorrendo, para a composição dos estímulos, às metáforas, p. ex., “Irene é um furacão”, que alcançaram, nos estudos normativos da primeira fase, ratings (ou “classificações”) de “muito familiares”, “very high-apt’’ e “altamente convencionalizadas”. Evidências do português brasileiro em favor do processamento direto de metáforas foram obtidas, conforme preconiza o modelo de Class-inclusion, de Glucksberg e Keysar (1990), pois não se revelaram diferenças significativas entre os RTs médios nas três condições: “metáfora”, “literal” e “declaração literal de inclusão em classe”, em contraposição aos achados de Janus e Bever (1985), que observaram tempos de leitura de metáforas novas significativamente maiores do que os de expressões literais, conforme as predições do Modelo Pragmático Padrão de processamento indireto.
Palavras-chave: processamento psicolinguístico da metáfora; classinclusion; dual reference; norming studies; compreensão de linguagem figurada; português brasileiro.
Abstract: An experimental study on the psycholinguistic processing of Brazilian Portuguese attributive metaphors (X is a Y), e.g., “Irene é um furacão” (“Irene is a hurricane”), was carried out with the aim of highlighting, from reading times (RTs), the understanding of familiar, highapt (“well-built”) expressions and the vehicle of which is conventionalized. In the first phase of the research, two norming studies were carried out aiming at the ranking of attributive metaphors, e.g. “Algumas mulheres são furacões” (“Some women are hurricanes”), regarding familiarity, aptness and conventionality. In the second phase of the research, a self-paced, noncumulative, moving-window reading experiment was conducted, using, for the composition of the stimuli, the metaphors, e.g., “Irene é um furacão”, that have reached, in the normative studies of the first phase, ratings of “very familiar”, “very high-apt” and “highly conventionalized”. Brazilian Portuguese evidences in favor of direct processing of metaphors were obtained, as recommended by the Class-inclusion model of Glucksberg and Keysar (1990), since there were no significant differences between the mean RTs in the three conditions: “Metaphor”, “Literal” and “Literal Declaration of Class Inclusion”. In contrast to the findings of Janus and Bever (1985), who observed reading times of new metaphors significantly larger than those of literal expressions, according to the predictions of the Standard Pragmatic Model of indirect processing.
Keywords: psycholinguistic processing of metaphor; class-inclusion; dual reference; norming studies; figurative language comprehension; brazilian portuguese.
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.25.3.1501-1536
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