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Morphological priming resists language and modality switching in late Dutch-Brazilian Portuguese bilinguals
Abstract
Abstract: In this study, we aimed to investigate how late bilinguals of Dutch and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) engage in morphological processing in L2. Morphologically related and unrelated word pairs combined with cross-linguistic and cross-modal variations were presented in a lexical decision experiment in order to compare morphological priming effects in L2 and L1. We collected both reaction times and Event Related Potentials (ERPs). In L2, morphological priming effects were observed in lower amplitudes for the N400 component, but no effect was observed for RT measures. This can be explained under the assumption that the N400 component is more sensitive to lexical properties of roots (e.g.√friend) than to lexical properties of full word forms (e.g. friendliness). We consider that difficulties in L2 morphological processing are not necessarily due to a lack of parsing of morphemic units, but because of the difficulty in the semantic interpretation of derivational morphemes in L2. This occurs via compositional mechanisms that are grammatically constrained, which are especially difficult to acquire in adult life. This is in line with what is suggested by the Superficial Processing Hypothesis (CLAHSEN et al., 2010). Moreover cross-linguistic priming showed that although morphological priming occurred for switching from L2 to L1, it caused the opposite effect for switching from L1 to L2. These results confirm predictions made by the Revised Hierarchical Model (KROLL et al., 2010), which explains this type of data in terms of the relative weakness of concept to word form mapping in L2 as compared to word form to concept mapping.
Keywords: switching; bilingual word recognition; N400.
Resumo: Neste estudo, pretende-se investigar o processamento morfológico em bilíngues tardios de holandês (L1) e português brasileiro (L2). Pares de palavras morfologicamente relacionados e pares não relacionados foram apresentados em uma tarefa de decisão lexical com alternância de línguas e de modalidade entre prime e alvo a fim de comparar efeitos de priming morfológico na L1 e na L2. Coletamos tempos de resposta (TRs) e Potenciais Relacionados a Eventos (ERPs). Na L2, efeitos de priming morfológico foram observados nas amplitudes reduzidas do componente do N400, mas nenhum efeito foi observado para os TRs. Isso pode ser explicado, se considerar que o N400 é mais sensível às propriedades lexicais das raízes (ex. √amigo) do que às propriedades lexicais das palavras inteiras (ex. amigável). As dificuldades no processamento morfológico na L1 não são necessariamente devidas a uma falha na segmentação dos morfemas, mas devido à dificuldade para interpretar os morfemas derivacionais semanticamente. Isso depende de mecanismos composicionais que são guiadas pelas regras morfológicas que são especialmente difíceis para serem adquiridas durante a vida adulta. Essa conclusão está de acordo com a Hipótese de Processamento Superficial (CLAHSEN et al., 2010). Ainda, a alternância entre línguas evidenciou que, embora houvesse priming morfológico para a direção de L2 para L1, para a direção de L1 para L2 o efeito oposto ocorreu. Esses resultados confirmam as previsões lançadas pelo Modelo Revisado Hierárquico (KROLL et al., 2010), que explica esse tipo de dado em termos da fragilidade relativa na L2 do mapeamento do significado da palavra para a sua forma lexical comparada ao mapeamento da forma lexical para seu significado.
Palavras-chave: acesso lexical bilíngue; alternância; N400.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.25.3.1717-1766
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