Email this article 
Integrando a variação social e métodos quantitativos na investigação sobre linguagem e cognição: para uma sociolinguística cognitiva do português europeu e brasileiro
Abstract
Este artigo tem um objectivo duplo. Um é argumentar sobre a necessidade de integrar sistematicamente a variação linguística e a metodologia do corpus acompanhada de métodos quantitativos e de análise estatística no estudo cognitivo da linguagem, tal como tem sido desenvolvido pela Linguística Cognitiva. O outro, e mais importante, é apresentar um programa de sociolinguística cognitiva do português europeu e brasileiro centrado na questão da convergência e divergência entre as duas variedades nacionais nos últimos 50 anos.Primeiramente, assinalaremos duas tensões no desenvolvimento actual da Linguística Cognitiva (uma no objecto e outra no método) e mostraremos como é que a sua perspectiva baseada no uso implica integrar e complementar o objecto social e a metodologia empírica.A seguir, identificaremos os contributos específicos da emergente Sociolinguística Cognitiva e do método dos perfis onomasiológicos para o estudo da variação linguística. Finalmente, apresentaremos os resultados da nossa investigação sociolexicológica sobre convergência e divergência nos vocabulários do futebol e do vestuário – as duas variedades convergem no futebol e divergem no vestuário – e indicaremos as extensões desta primeira fase da investigação para os domínios das palavras funcionais e das variáveis não-lexicais.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Português (Brasil))References
BARLOW, M.; KEMMER, S. (Ed.). Usage-based Models of Language. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2000.
BERNÁRDEZ, E. Intimate enemies? On the relations between language and culture. In: SILVA, A. S. da; TORRES, A.; GONÇALVES, M. (Org.). Linguagem, cultura e cognição: estudos de Linguística Cognitiva. Coimbra: Almedina, 2004. v. I, p. 21-45.
BERNÁRDEZ, E. Social cognition: variation, language, and culture in a cognitive linguistic typology. In: RUIZ DE MENDOZA, F.J.; PEÑA CERVEL, S. (Ed.). Cognitive Linguistics. Internal Dynamics and Interdisciplinary Interaction. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2005. p. 191-222.
BLANK, A.; KOCH, P. (Ed.). Historical Semantics and Cognition. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999.
BYBEE, J. Phonology and Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
BYBEE, J.; HOPPER, P. (Ed.). Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001.
CROFT, W.; CRUSE, D. A. Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
DAMÁSIO, A. O erro de Descartes. Emoção, razão e cérebro humano. Mem Martins: Publicações Europa-América, 1995.
DAMÁSIO, A. O sentimento de si. O corpo, a emoção e a neurobiologia da consciência. Lisboa: Publicações Europa-América, 2000.
DIRVEN, R.; FRANK, R.; ILIE, C. (Ed.). Language and Ideology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001. v. II: Descriptive cognitive approaches.
DIRVEN, R.; FRANK, R.; PÜTZ, M. (Ed.). Cognitive Models in Language and Thought. Ideology, Metaphors and Meanings. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003.
DIRVEN, R.; HAWKINS, B.; SANDIKCIOGLU (Ed.). Language and Ideology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001. v. I: Theoretical cognitive approaches.
EDELMAN, G. M. Bright Air, Brilliant Fire: On the Matter of the Mind. New York: Basic Books, 1992.
FAUCONNIER, G. Mappings in Thought and Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
FAUCONNIER, G.; TURNER, M. The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind’s Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books, 2002.
FRANK, R. M; DIRVEN, R.; ZIEMKE, T.; BERNÁRDEZ, E. (Ed.). Body, Language, and Mind II: Sociocultural Situatedness. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2008.
GEERAERTS, D. Diachronic Prototype Semantics. A Contribution to Historical Lexicology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
GEERAERTS, D. On measuring lexical convergence. In: SILVA, A. S. (Org.). Linguagem e cognição: a perspectiva da Linguística Cognitiva. Braga: Associação Portuguesa de Linguística / Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 2001. p. 51-61.
GEERAERTS, D. Cultural models of linguistic standardization. In: DIRVEN, R.; FRANK, R.; PÜTZ, M. (Ed.). Cognitive Models in Language and Thought. Ideology, Metaphors and Meanings. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003. p. 25-68. [republicado em SILVA, A. S. da; TORRES, A.; GONÇALVES, M. (Org.). Linguagem, cultura e cognição: Estudos de Linguística Cognitiva. Coimbra: Almedina, 2004. V. I. p. 47-84.]
GEERAERTS, D. Lectal data and empirical variation in Cognitive Linguistics. In: RUIZ DE MENDOZA, F. J.; PEÑA CERVEL, S. (Ed.). Cognitive Linguistics. Internal Dynamics and Interdisciplinary Interactions. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2005. p. 163-189.
GEERAERTS, D. Methodology in Cognitive Linguistics. In: KRISTIANSEN, G.; ACHARD, M.; DIRVEN, R.; RUIZ DE MENDOZA, F. J. (Ed.). Cognitive Linguistics: Current Applications and Future Perspectives. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006. p. 21-49.
GEERAERTS, D. (Ed.). Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006.
GEERAERTS, D.; GRONDELAERS, S.; BAKEMA, P. The Structure of Lexical Variation. Meaning, Naming, and Contrext. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1994.
GEERAERTS, D.; GRONDELAERS, S.; SPEELMAN, D. Convergentie en Divergentie in de Nederlandse Woordenschat. Amsterdam: Meertens Institut, 1999.
GIBBS, R. W. The Poetics of Mind. Figurative Thought, Language, and Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
GIBBS, R. W. Embodiment and Cognitive Science. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
GONZALEZ-MARQUEZ, M.; MITTELBERG, I.; COULSON, S.; SPIVEY, M. J. (Ed.). Methods in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2007.
GRIES, S. T. Multifactorial Analysis in Corpus Linguistics: A Study of Particle Placement. London: Continuum Press, 2003.
GRIES, S. T.; STEFANOWITSCH, A. (Ed.). Corpora in Cognitive Linguistics. Corpus-based Approaches to Syntax and Lexis. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006.
GRONDELAERS, S.; GEERAERTS, D. Towards a pragmatic model of cognitive onomasiology. In: CUYCKENS, H.; DIRVEN, R.; TAYLOR, J. (Ed.). Cognitive Approaches to Lexical Semantics. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003. p. 67-92.
GRONDELAERS, S.; GEERAERTS, D.; SPEELMAN, D. A case for a Cognitive corpus linguistics. In: GONZALEZ-MARQUEZ, M.; MITTELBERG, I.; COULSON, S.; SPIVEY, M. J. (Ed.). Methods in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2007. p. 149-169.
GRONDELAERS, S.; SPEELMAN, D.; GEERAERTS, D. Regressing on er. Statistical analysis of texts and language variation. In: MORIN, A.; SÉBILLOT, P. (Ed.). 6th International Conference on the Statistical Analysis of Textual Data. Rennes: Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, 2002. p. 335-346.
HARDER, P. The status of linguistic facts. Rethinking the relation between cognition, social institution, and utterance from a functional point of view. Mind and Language v. 18, p. 52-76, 2003.
HOLLAND, D.; QUINN, N. (Ed.). Cultural Models in Language and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
HOPPER, P. J.; TRAUGOTT, E. C. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
KÖVECSES, Z. Metaphor and Emotion. Language, Culture, and Body in Human Feeling. Cambridge-Paris: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
KÖVECSES, Z. Metaphor in Culture: Universality and Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
KRISTIANSEN, G. How to do things with allophones: Linguistic stereotypes as cognitive reference points in social cognition. In: DIRVEN, R.; FRANK, R.; PÜTZ, M. (Ed.). Cognitive Models in Language and Thought: Ideologies, Metaphors, and Meanings. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003. p. 69-120.
KRISTIANSEN, G.; DIRVEN, R. (Ed.). Cognitive Sociolinguistics. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. (No prelo).
LAKOFF, G. The contemporary theory of metaphor. In: ORTONY, A. (Ed.). Metaphor and Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. p. 202-251.
LAKOFF, G. Moral Politics: What Conservatives Know that Liberals Don’t. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996.
LAKOFF, G. The brain’s concepts. The role of the sensory-motor system in reason and language. Working papers of the NTL Group at the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI). Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley, 2003.
LAKOFF, G.; JOHNSON, M. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books, 1999.
LANGACKER, R. W. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987. v. 1: Theoretical Prerequisites.
LANGACKER, R. W. A usage-based model. In: RUDZKA-OSTYN, B. (Ed.). Topics in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1988. p.127-161.
LANGACKER, R. W. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991. v. 2: Descriptive Application.
LANGACKER, R. W. A dynamic usage-based model. In: BARLOW, M.; KEMMER, S. (Ed.). Usage-based Models of Language. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2000. p. 1-63.
LEVINSON, S. C. Space in Language and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
PALMER, G. B. Toward a Theory of Cultural Linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996.
SILVA, A. S. O léxico do futebol no Português Europeu e no Português Brasileiro: convergência ou divergência? Diacrítica. Ciências da Linguagem, v. 20, n. 1, p. 167-196, 2006a.
SILVA, A. S. Sociolinguística cognitiva e o estudo da convergência/divergência entre o Português Europeu e o Português Brasileiro. Veredas, v. 10. Revista de Estudos Lingüísticos. Disponível em: http://www.revistaveredas.ufjf.br. 2006b.
SILVA, A. S. O mundo dos sentidos em português: polissemia, semântica e cognição. Coimbra: Almedina, 2006c.
SILVA, A. S. Medindo a convergência e divergência lexical entre o Português Europeu e o Português Brasileiro. In: Congresso da Associação Internacional de Linguística do Português, II, 2007. Rio de Janeiro. Anais... Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, set. 2007. p. 25-27. (No prelo).
SILVA, A. S.; DUARTE, M. O léxico do vestuário no Português Europeu e no Português Brasileiro: convergência ou divergência? Revista Portuguesa de Humanidades, v. 9, p. 117-136, 2005.
SINHA, C. Grounding, mapping, and acts of meaning. In: JANSSEN, T.; REDEKER, G. (Ed.). Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, Scope, and Methodology. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999. p. 223-255.
SINHA, C.; JENSEN DE LÓPEZ, K. Language, culture, and the embodiment of spatial cognition. Cognitive Linguistics, v. 11, p. 17-41, 2000.
SPEELMAN, D.; GRONDELAERS, S.; GEERAERTS, D. Profile-based linguistic uniformity as a generic method for comparing language varieties. Computers and the Humanities, v. 37, p. 317-337, 2003.
STEFANOWITSCH, A. Constructional semantics as a limit to grammatical alternation: The two genitives of English. In: ROHDENBURG, G.; MONDORF, B. (Ed.). Determinants of Grammatical Variation. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003. p. 413-444.
STEFANOWITSCH, A.; GRIES, S. T. Collostructions: Investigating the interaction between words and constructions. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, v. 8, p. 209-243, 2003.
STEFANOWITSCH, A.; GRIES, S. T. Covarying collexemes. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, v. 1, p. 1-43, 2005.
TALMY, L. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2000. 2 v.
TALMY, L. Foreword. In: GONZALEZ-MARQUEZ, M.; MITTELBERG, I.; COULSON, S.; SPIVEY, M. J. (Ed.). Methods in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2007. p. XI-XXI.
TOMASELLO, M. The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.
TOMASELLO, M. First steps toward a usage-based theory of language acquisition. Cognitive Linguistics, v. 11, p. 61-82, 2000.
TOMASELLO, M. Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
TRAUGOTT, E. C.; DASHER, R. B. Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
TUMMERS, J.; HEYLEN, K.; GEERAERTS, D. Usage-based approaches in Cognitive Linguistics: A technical state of the art. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, v. 1, p. 225-261, 2005.
VARELA, F.; THOMPSON, E.; ROSCH, E. The Embodied Mind. Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991.
ZIEMKE, T.; ZLATEV, J.; FRANK, R. M. (Ed.). Body, Language, and Mind I: Embodiment. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. (No prelo).
ZLATEV, J. Situated Embodiment: Studies in the Emergence of Spatial Meaning. Stockholm: Gotab, 1997.
ZLATEV, J. Situated embodied semantics and connectionist modeling. In: ALLWOOD, J.; GARDENFORS, P. (Ed.). Cognitive Semantics: Meaning and Cognition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999. p. 173-194.
ZLATEV, J. Beyond cognitive determination. Interactionism in the acquisition of spatial semantics. In: LEATHER, J.; VAM DAM, J. (Ed.). Ecology of Language Acquisition. Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003. p. 83-107.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.16.1.49-81
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c)
e - ISSN 2237-2083
Licensed through Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional